Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Greece's second-largest city and the capital of the Central Macedonia region, is a vibrant metropolis steeped in history and culture. Located on the Thermaic Gulf of the Aegean Sea, Thessaloniki boasts a rich past dating back to its founding in 315 BC by Cassander, King of Macedon, who named it after his wife Thessalonike, the sister of Alexander the Great. Throughout its long history, the city has served as a vital center under various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman. As a major trade hub during the Roman era and the second-largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire, Thessaloniki played a crucial role in regional and international commerce. The city remained under Ottoman rule for nearly 500 years after its conquest in 1430, continuing its importance as a port and commercial center. In 1912, during the Balkan Wars, Thessaloniki was incorporated into modern Greece. Today, Thessaloniki offers a captivating blend of historical landmarks, modern attractions, and a lively cultural scene. The White Tower (Lefkos Pyrgos), a 15th-century Ottoman-era structure, stands as the city's iconic symbol, having served various purposes throughout its history, from a prison to its current role as a museum. The Upper Town (Ano Poli), with its narrow streets, traditional houses, and Byzantine churches, provides a glimpse into the city's past. Other notable historical sites include the Rotunda, built by Roman Emperor Galerius in the 4th century, and the Church of Agios Dimitrios, dedicated to the city's patron saint and a prime example of Byzantine architecture. The Archaeological Museum houses a rich collection of artifacts from the Macedonian region, while the Atatürk Museum, housed in the birthplace of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, offers insights into his early life. Aristotelous Square, the city's central square, is a bustling hub of activity with cafes, restaurants, and shops. The Nea Paralia, a waterfront promenade, provides a scenic space for walking, cycling, and enjoying the sea views. Thessaloniki is also known for its vibrant cultural life, with numerous museums, theaters, art galleries, and festivals. The presence of several prominent universities contributes to the city's youthful and dynamic atmosphere. The local cuisine is renowned for its fresh seafood, meze dishes, and traditional Greek flavors. Thessaloniki is easily accessible via Thessaloniki International Airport (Makedonia Airport), and local transportation includes buses, taxis, and bicycles. In 1988, the city's Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, further solidifying its importance as a cultural and historical destination. Thessaloniki truly offers a unique experience, blending history, culture, art, and entertainment into a captivating urban landscape.